Analysis and Studies - Country Analysis
Egypt: a look at the market
February 10th 2025
Overview
In 2022, Egypt ranked as the 31st largest economy in the world by GDP (current US$), the 59th in total exports, and the 44th in total imports. It was also ranked 117th in GDP per capita (current US$) and 69th in terms of economic complexity, according to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI).
Exports
Egypt's leading exports include Petroleum Gas ($9.53B), Nitrogenous Fertilizers ($3.37B), Refined Petroleum ($2.88B), Crude Petroleum ($2.85B), and Gold ($1.73B). The main destinations for these exports are Turkey ($4.23B), Italy ($3.32B), the United States ($3.21B), Spain ($3B), and India ($2.57B).
Imports
Egypt’s main imports are Refined Petroleum ($6.33B), Wheat ($4.82B), Crude Petroleum ($3.87B), Petroleum Gas ($2.39B), and Packaged Medicaments ($2.27B). The largest suppliers of these imports are China ($16.7B), the United States ($6.61B), Saudi Arabia ($6.44B), the United Arab Emirates ($5.53B), and Turkey ($4.71B).
In 2022, Egypt was the world’s largest importer of Wheat ($4.82B) and Bitumen and Asphalt ($206M).
Location
Egypt shares land borders with Israel, Libya, and Sudan, and has maritime borders with Cyprus, Greece, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey.
Most Specialized Products by RCA Index
Egypt demonstrates a high degree of specialization in Phosphatic Fertilizers (69.4), Preserved Vegetables (30.1), Potatoes (29.5), Calcium Phosphates (29), and Citrus (27.4).
This specialization is measured using the RCA index, which compares Egypt's actual exports to the expected exports for each product.
Data sourced from BACI HS6 REV. 1992 (1995 - 2022).
Most Complex Products by PCI
According to the Product Complexity Index (PCI), Egypt’s most complex exports are Glass; cast glass and rolled glass in sheets or profiles (1.16), Polymers of vinyl acetate or other vinyl esters in primary forms (1.01), Prepared glues and other adhesives (1.01), Pigments and prepared opacifiers, colors, vitrifiable enamels, glazes, and liquid lustres (1), and Wadding, gauze, and bandages (0.92).
The PCI measures the knowledge intensity of a product by considering the knowledge intensity of its exporters.
Data sourced from BACI HS6 REV. 1992 (1995 - 2022) and OEC Economic Complexity Indicators.
Export Opportunities by Relatedness
Based on the relatedness index, Egypt’s top export opportunities include Other Vegetables (0.35), Other Nuts (0.35), Pepper (0.34), Raw Tobacco (0.34), and Other Ores (0.33). The relatedness index measures the proximity between a country's current exports and a potential product. The bar chart displays only those products in which Egypt is not currently specialized.
Source: https://oec.world/
